Desafios e soluções na gestão do Núcleo de Inovação Tecnológica do Instituto Adolfo Lutz (NIT-IAL) / Challenges and solutions in the management in the Technological Innovation Center of the Adolfo Lutz Institute, NIT-IAL

O Núcleo de Inovação Tecnológica do Instituto Adolfo Lutz (NIT-IAL), foi criado em dezembro de 2013 com o objetivo de estimular a inovação dentro do instituto, bem como administrar a propriedade intelectual gerada na instituição e providenciar meios para promover a transferência de conhecimento científico, tecnológico e cultural ao setor produtivo público e privado. Após o mapeamento das áreas técnicas, foram identificados obstáculos não previstos na Lei de Inovação, os quais o NIT-IAL conseguiu superar, permitindo parcerias técnico-científicas com instituições públicas e privadas, e gerenciamento dos recursos financeiros (AU).

The Technological Innovation Center of the Adolfo Lutz Institute (NIT-IAL) was created in December 2013 with the objective of stimulating innovation within the IAL, as well as managing the intellectual property generated at the institute and providing means to promote the transfer of scientific, technological and cultural knowledge to the public and private productive sector. After mapping the technical areas, situations not covered by the Innovation Law were identified. The NIT-IAL managed to overcome these challenges and allowing technical-scientific partnerships with public and private institutions and financial resources management (AU).

Rubella virus genotype 1G and echovirus 9 as etiologic agents of exanthematous diseases in Brazil: insights from phylogenetic analysis.

The aim of the present study was to identify the rubella virus (RV) and enterovirus (EV) genotypes detected during the Epidemiological Surveillance on Exanthematic Febrile Diseases (VIGIFEX) study and to perform phylogenetic analysis. Ten RV- and four EV-positive oropharyngeal samples isolated from cell culture were subjected to RT-PCR and sequencing. Genotype 1G and echovirus 9 (E-9) was identified in RV- and EV-positive samples, respectively. The RV 1G genotype has been persisting in Brazil since 2000-2001. No evidence of E-9 being involved in exanthematic illness in Brazil has been reported previously. Differential laboratory diagnosis is essential for management of rash and fever disease.

Echovírus 6 associado à doença exantemática / Echovirus 6 associated with exanthematic disease

Exantema viral é considerado problema comum em regiões tropicais, afetando principalmente crianças. Diversos exantemas cutâneos estão associados a infecções por Enterovirus. Amostras biológicas provenientes de uma criança apresentando exantema generalizado foram enviadas ao Laboratório de Vírus Entéricos do Instituto Adolfo Lutz para a realização do diagnóstico laboratorial. Amostra viral isolada em RD (human rhabdomyosarcoma cells) foi submetida à reação em cadeia pela polimerase apresentando um produto de 437 pares de base, característico de gênero Enterovirus. O sorotipo echovirus 6 (E-6) foi identificado por ensaio de imunofluorescência indireta. Em adição, as amostras pareadas de soro apresentaram soroconversão para E-6. Até o momento, não há relatos do envolvimento de E-6 associado a doenças exantemáticas no Brasil, enfatizando a importância da vigilância epidemiológica para essas doenças e suas complicações.

Viral exanthems are a common problem in tropical regions, particularly affecting children. Various skin rashes have been reported in acute infections caused by Enterovirus. Biological samples from a child who presented generalized rashes were sent to the Enteric Virus Laboratory of the Adolfo Lutz Institute for laboratory diagnosis to be performed. A viral sample isolated from RD (human rhabdomyosarcoma cells) was subjected to the polymerase chain reaction and showed a 437-base pair product that was characteristic of the Enterovirus genus. Echovirus 6 (E-6) serotype was identified using the indirect immunofluorescence test. In addition, paired serum samples presented seroconversion to E-6. So far, there have not been any reports of E-6 involvement in exanthematic diseases in Brazil. Thus, the importance of epidemiological surveillance for these diseases and their complications is emphasized.

Echovirus 6 associated to aseptic meningitis outbreak, in São Joaquim da Barra, São Paulo, Brazil

An aseptic meningitis outbreak occurred during a period from February to May 2004 in São Joaquim da Barra, a town in the northern region of São Paulo State. A total of 40 cases were reported to the Epidemiological Surveillance Center of São Paulo State. Cerebrospinal fluid samples obtained from 23 patients were sent to the Adolfo Lutz Institute for isolation of the virus. These samples were inoculated into RD, HEp2 and Vero cell lineages and those presenting a cytopathogenic effect were selected for analysis by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), neutralization testing (Nt) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cytopathogenic effects were observed in 52.2 percent (12/23) of these samples. All isolated viruses were identified as human enterovirus by IFA and RT-PCR and echovirus 6 was typed by IFA and Nt. Our results confirmed the participation and importance of echovirus as the etiological agent responsible for this outbreak and the serotype diversity of human enteroviruses circulating in São Paulo State.

Entre fevereiro e maio de 2004, em São Joaquim da Barra, Estado de São Paulo, foi notificado ao Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica (CVE) um surto de meningite asséptica (MA) envolvendo 40 indivíduos. Foram enviadas ao Instituto Adolfo Lutz amostras de líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) de 23 pacientes com MA para tentativa de isolamento viral. Estas amostras foram inoculadas em 3 linhagens celulares: RD, HEp2 e Vero. Culturas celulares que apresentaram efeito citopático (ECP) foram submetidas a ensaio de Imunofluorescência Indireta (IFI), reação de Neutralização (Nt) e RT-PCR (Transcrição Reversa Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase). Em 52,2 por cento (12/23) das amostras foi observado ECP. Todos os vírus isolados foram identificados como gênero HEV por IFI e RT-PCR e o sorotipo echovirus 6 (E-6) por IFI e Nt. Nossos resultados confirmam a participação e importância dos echovirus como agente etiológico responsável pelo surto ocorrido e a diversidade de sorotipos circulantes no Estado de São Paulo.

Echovirus 6 associated to aseptic meningitis outbreak, in São Joaquim da Barra, São Paulo, Brazil.

An aseptic meningitis outbreak occurred during a period from February to May 2004 in São Joaquim da Barra, a town in the northern region of São Paulo State. A total of 40 cases were reported to the Epidemiological Surveillance Center of São Paulo State. Cerebrospinal fluid samples obtained from 23 patients were sent to the Adolfo Lutz Institute for isolation of the virus. These samples were inoculated into RD, HEp2 and Vero cell lineages and those presenting a cytopathogenic effect were selected for analysis by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), neutralization testing (Nt) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cytopathogenic effects were observed in 52.2% (12/23) of these samples. All isolated viruses were identified as human enterovirus by IFA and RT-PCR and echovirus 6 was typed by IFA and Nt. Our results confirmed the participation and importance of echovirus as the etiological agent responsible for this outbreak and the serotype diversity of human enteroviruses circulating in São Paulo State.

[Echovirus 6 associated with exanthematic disease]. / Echovírus 6 associado à doença exantemática.

Viral exanthems are a common problem in tropical regions, particularly affecting children. Various skin rashes have been reported in acute infections caused by Enterovirus. Biological samples from a child who presented generalized rashes were sent to the Enteric Virus Laboratory of the Adolfo Lutz Institute for laboratory diagnosis to be performed. A viral sample isolated from RD (human rhabdomyosarcoma cells) was subjected to the polymerase chain reaction and showed a 437-base pair product that was characteristic of the Enterovirus genus. Echovirus 6 (E-6) serotype was identified using the indirect immunofluorescence test. In addition, paired serum samples presented seroconversion to E-6. So far, there have not been any reports of E-6 involvement in exanthematic diseases in Brazil. Thus, the importance of epidemiological surveillance for these diseases and their complications is emphasized.

Echovirus 4 associated to hand, foot and mouth disease.

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a contagious enteroviral infection occurring primarily in children and characterized by vesicular palmoplantar eruptions and erosive stomatitis. Echovirus 4 (EV-4) has been commonly associated with aseptic meningitis. The association of HFMD with EV-4 has not been reported previously. Two samples of a 14-month child who presented mild fever, sores in the mouth, rash with blisters on the palm of hands and soles of feet were sent to Enteric Viruses Laboratory of Adolfo Lutz Institute. Clinical samples were inoculated in three different cell lines, and those which presented cytopathic effect (CPE), were submitted to Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) and "one step" RT-PCR. Agarose gel electrophoresis from RT-PCR product, showed a product with 437 bp, which is characteristic of Enterovirus group. Echovirus 4 was identified by IFA. Although HFMD is a viral infection associated mainly with Enterovirus 71 (HEV-71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16), our results demonstrate a diversity of serotype related to HFMD and stress the importance of epidemiological surveillance to this disease and its complications.

Echovirus 4 associated to hand, foot and mouth disease / Echovirus 4 associado à doença de mão, pé e boca

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a contagious enteroviral infection occurring primarily in children and characterized by vesicular palmoplantar eruptions and erosive stomatitis. Echovirus 4 (EV-4) has been commonly associated with aseptic meningitis. The association of HFMD with EV-4 has not been reported previously. Two samples of a 14-month child who presented mild fever, sores in the mouth, rash with blisters on the palm of hands and soles of feet were sent to Enteric Viruses Laboratory of Adolfo Lutz Institute. Clinical samples were inoculated in three different cell lines, and those which presented cytopathic effect (CPE), were submitted to Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) and "one step" RT-PCR. Agarose gel electrophoresis from RT-PCR product, showed a product with 437 bp, which is characteristic of Enterovirus group. Echovirus 4 was identified by IFA. Although HFMD is a viral infection associated mainly with Enterovirus 71 (HEV-71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16), our results demonstrate a diversity of serotype related to HFMD and stress the importance of epidemiological surveillance to this disease and its complications.

A Doença de Mão, Pé e Boca (DMPB) é uma infecção enteroviral contagiosa que ocorre principalmente em crianças sendo caracterizada por erupções palmoplantares vesiculares e estomatite. Echovirus 4 (EV-4) é comumente associado a meningite asséptica. A associação de DMPB por EV-4 não foi descrita anteriormente. Duas amostras provenientes de uma criança de 14 meses apresentando febre, secreções na garganta e exantemas nas palmas das mãos e dos pés, foram enviadas para o Laboratório de Vírus Entéricos do Instituto Adolfo Lutz. As amostras foram inoculadas em três diferentes linhagens celulares; aquelas que apresentaram efeito citopático (ECP), foram submetidas a ensaio de imunofluorescência indireta (IFI) e "one step" RT-PCR. A eletroforese em gel de agarose realizada com o produto de PCR apresentou um produto de 437pb, característico de grupo Enterovirus. O sorotipo EV-4 foi identificado por IFI. Apesar da DMPB ser uma infecção viral associada principalmente com Enterovirus 71 (HEV-71) e Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16), nossos resultados enfatizam a necessidade de estudos epidemiológicos e laboratoriais direcionados ao EV-4 como agente causador de DMPB.

Considerações sobre o risco de contaminação bacteriológica na utilização de agulhas não descartáveis na prática da acupuntura / Considerations of risk factors on bacteriological contamination related to non-disposable needles in acupunture

o objetivo deste estudo foia avaliar os riscos de contaminação bacteriológica pelo uso repetido de agulhas na prática da acupuntura, visto que este método é baseado na introdução de agulhas cilíndricas e maciças em pontos específicos da pele. as agulhas, agrupadas segundo a forma de aplicação, foram submetidas a testes químicos comperóxidos orgânicos e ortolidina, para detectar a presença de hemoglobinas livres e eritrócitos. Foram realizados também testes de esterilidade, segundo a técnica de imersão em caldo enriquecido. Os resultados obtidos para as agulhas testadas foram negartivos em relação às bactérias e fungos, porém nas aplicações profundas os testes revelaram-se positivos para a presença de sangue, indicando que a prática da acupuntura deve adotar critérios de proteção por meio da desinfecção, esterilização dos instrumentos a serem utilizados, bem como o comportamento do profissional